Differentiating 4 Types of Automotive Gearboxes Available in the Market

Car gearbox
Latest update date: February 15, 01

Car gearbox is an extremely important part of the vehicle's transmission system. It acts as a "bridge" to transmit power from the engine to the wheels, helping the vehicle move and change speed.

According to the report “Situation of automobile use and maintenance in Vietnam” by the Ministry of Transport: “About 30% of traffic accidents are related to technical errors of automobiles, partly caused by gearbox problems”.

There are four main types of gearboxes commonly used today: manual gearbox (MT), automatic gearbox (AT), continuously variable transmission (CVT) and dual clutch gearbox (DCT). Each type of gearbox has its own structure, operating principle and advantages and disadvantages, suitable for different usage needs.

This article will analyze in detail the structure, operating principles, advantages and disadvantages and applications of each type of gearbox, and provide useful information on maintenance to help users have an overview and choose the type of gearbox that best suits their needs.

Overview of car gearboxes

What is a car gearbox? A car gearbox is a complex mechanical assembly that converts torque from the engine and transmits it to the wheels. The operating principle of the gearbox is based on changing the gear ratio between the engine and the wheels, helping the car move at different speeds and overcome different terrains.

Car gearbox
How to distinguish between types of car gearboxes today

The four main types of gearboxes today include:

  • Manual Transmission (MT): The most basic type of transmission, requiring the driver to manually shift gears.
  • Automatic Transmission (AT): This type of automatic transmission changes gears based on the speed and load of the vehicle.
  • Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT): This type of transmission has a continuously variable gear ratio, helping the vehicle operate smoothly and save fuel.
  • Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT): This type of transmission combines the advantages of manual and automatic transmissions, providing high operating efficiency.

Manual Transmission (MT) – Basic and Reliable

Manual transmission is the most common type of transmission in the world, especially in low-cost cars and commercial vehicles. The structure of a manual transmission is quite simple, including gears, shafts and synchronizers.

Manual transmission (MT)
Manual transmission (MT)

1. Structure and operating principle

Manual transmissions use a disc-type friction clutch to disconnect the engine from the transmission when the driver presses the clutch pedal. The gears on the shafts are designed with different gear ratios, corresponding to gears from 1 to 5 or 6. The driver changes gears by moving the gear lever, causing the gears to mesh with each other according to the desired gear ratio.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

Manual transmission has the advantages of low cost, high durability, fuel economy and realistic driving feeling, but the disadvantage is complicated operation and fatigue when driving in urban areas.

Advantage:

  • Low cost: Manual transmission has a simple structure, few electronic components, so the production cost is lower than other types of transmission.
  • High durability: Less damage, low maintenance cost.
  • Fuel Saving: Allows the driver to control gear shifting, optimizing engine performance.
  • Realistic driving feel: Brings a more enjoyable driving experience to the driver.

Disadvantages:

  • Complex operation: Requires the driver to be proficient in using the clutch and gear lever.
  • Causes fatigue when driving in urban areas: Having to frequently press the clutch and change gears causes fatigue for the driver, especially when moving in traffic jams.

3. Application

Manual transmissions are commonly used in trucks, pickup trucks, small cars and some sports cars.

  • Truck: Good load capacity, suitable for transporting heavy goods.
  • Pickup truck: Durable structure, meets the requirements of moving on many different terrains.
  • Small cars: Low cost, helps reduce production costs.
  • Some sports cars: Bring an exciting driving feeling to the driver.

Automatic Transmission (AT) – Convenient and diverse

Automatic transmissions are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience and ease of use. The operating principle of automatic transmissions is based on the use of hydraulic oil and a torque converter to automatically change gears.

According to Global Market Insights Report, 2022, USA: The global automatic transmission market was valued at USD 101,65 billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 155,15 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 7%.

Automatic transmission (AT)
Automatic transmission (AT)

1. Classification of automatic transmissions

There are different types of automatic transmissions, including:

  • Hydraulic automatic transmission (Torque Converter): Uses hydraulic oil to transmit power and shift gears.
  • Continuously variable transmission (CVT): Uses belts and pulleys to continuously change gear ratios.
  • Dual-clutch transmission (DCT): Uses two clutches for quick, smooth gear changes.

2. Structure and operating principle (hydraulic automatic transmission)

The hydraulic automatic transmission consists of a torque converter, a planetary gear assembly and a hydraulic control system.

  • The torque converter replaces the clutch in a manual transmission, helping to smoothly transfer power from the engine to the transmission.
  • Planetary gear sets allow for a wide range of gear ratios.
  • The hydraulic control system automatically selects the appropriate gear ratio based on vehicle speed and load.

3. Advantages and disadvantages

Automatic transmission has the advantages of being easy to use, convenient and less tiring, but the disadvantages are high cost, high fuel consumption and unreal driving feeling.

Advantage:

  • Easy to use: The driver only needs to operate the gear lever to select the driving mode (D, R, N, P).
  • Comfort: Provides a comfortable driving experience, especially when moving in urban areas.
  • Less Fatigue: Reduces driver fatigue during long drives.

Disadvantages:

  • High cost: Automatic transmission has a complex structure and many electronic components, so the production cost is higher than manual transmission.
  • Fuel consumption: Usually consumes more fuel than manual transmission.
  • Less authentic driving feel: The driver feels less connected to the car.

4. Application

Automatic transmissions are widely used in passenger cars, SUVs and luxury cars.

  • Tourist cars: Bring comfort and convenience to passengers.
  • SUV: Provides smooth operation on all terrains.
  • Luxury Cars: Elevate the premium driving experience.

Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) – Smooth and economical

Continuously variable transmission (CVT) operates on the principle of belt and pulley transmission. The CVT transmission's gear ratio is continuously changed, helping the vehicle operate smoothly and save fuel.

Continuously variable transmission (CVT)
Continuously variable transmission (CVT)

1. Structure and operating principle

A CVT consists of two variable-diameter pulleys and a belt (or chain) that connects the two pulleys. As the diameter of one pulley increases, the diameter of the other pulley decreases, creating a continuous change in the transmission ratio. The electronic control system adjusts the diameter of the pulleys based on vehicle speed and load.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

The CVT has the advantage of smooth operation, fuel economy and environmental friendliness, but the disadvantage is that the driving feeling is less exciting, poor load capacity and low durability.

Advantage:

  • Smooth operation: No jerky feeling when shifting gears.
  • Fuel economy: Optimizes engine performance at all speed ranges.
  • Environmentally friendly: Reduces emissions to the environment.

Disadvantages:

  • Poor driving feel: No clear gear shifting feel.
  • Poor load capacity: Not suitable for vehicles with high capacity or often carrying heavy loads.
  • Low durability: Easily damaged if not properly maintained.

3. Application

CVT transmissions are commonly used in small cars, hybrid cars and some sedans.

  • Small car: Fuel efficient, suitable for urban travel needs.
  • Hybrid Vehicles: Improving Energy Efficiency.
  • Some sedans: Provide a smooth driving experience.

Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) – Powerful and Efficient

A dual-clutch transmission (DCT) is a hybrid of a manual and an automatic transmission. A DCT has two clutches, one for odd gears (1, 3, 5) and one for even gears (2, 4, 6).

Dual-clutch transmissions combine the efficiency of a manual transmission with the convenience of an automatic transmission, reducing fuel consumption by up to 10% compared to conventional automatic transmissions. Source: “International Journal of Automotive Engineering, 2023, UK”

Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT)
Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT)

1. Structure and operating principle

The DCT uses two clutches to alternately engage the gear shafts. When the vehicle is in 1st gear, the odd-number clutch is engaged. At the same time, the even-number clutch is ready to shift into 2nd gear. When it is time to change gears, the two clutches engage simultaneously, making shifting quick and smooth.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

Dual-clutch transmissions have the advantage of fast gear changes, fuel economy and a sporty driving feel. The disadvantages are high cost, complicated maintenance and jerkiness at low speeds.

Advantage:

  • Fast shifting: Very short shifting time, providing high operating efficiency.
  • Fuel Economy: Optimizes engine performance.
  • Sporty driving feel: Delivers an exciting driving experience.

Disadvantages:

  • High cost: Complex structure, high production cost.
  • Complex maintenance: Requires highly qualified technicians.
  • May cause jerking when moving at low speeds.

3. Application

DCT gearboxes are commonly used for car lines: sports cars, luxury cars and some passenger cars.

  • Sports Cars: Enhanced Performance.
  • Luxury Cars: Delivering a premium driving experience.
  • Some passenger cars: Improved acceleration and fuel economy.

Detailed comparison of 4 types of car gearboxes

Detailed comparison table of 4 types of car gearboxes: manual gearbox, automatic gearbox, continuously variable gearbox and dual clutch gearbox.

Criteria Manual transmission (MT) Automatic transmission (AT) Continuously variable transmission (CVT) Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT)
Structure and Complicated Medium Complicated
Principle of operation Gears, clutches Hydraulic oil, torque converter Belt, pulley Two clutches
Advantages Cheap, durable, fuel efficient, realistic driving experience Easy to use, convenient Smooth, fuel efficient Fast gear shifting, fuel economy, sporty driving feel
Disadvantages Complex and tiring operation High cost, fuel consumption Poor driving feel, poor load capacity High cost, complicated maintenance
Application Trucks, pickups, compact cars, sports cars Passenger cars, SUVs, luxury cars Compact car, hybrid car, sedan Sports cars, luxury cars, passenger cars

How to maintain car gearbox

Gearbox maintenance is one of the important factors to help prolong the life and ensure the performance of the vehicle.

1. The importance of gearbox maintenance

The gearbox is a mechanical assembly that operates under harsh conditions, subject to friction and high temperatures. Regular maintenance helps lubricate the parts, prevent wear and damage, and ensure the gearbox operates stably and efficiently.

2. Maintenance schedule

Car transmission maintenance requires attention to issues such as changing transmission oil, checking oil level, cleaning transmission oil filter and other important details.

  • Change gearbox oil: According to manufacturer's recommendations, usually every 40.000 - 60.000 km or 2 years of use.
  • Check transmission fluid level: Check regularly and top up as needed.
  • Clean the transmission oil filter: Replace the transmission oil filter at the same time as changing the oil.
  • Check other parts: Check oil pipes, seals, clutch (for manual transmission) and other parts to detect early signs of damage.

3. Notes on maintenance

When maintaining a car's gearbox, note:

  • Use the correct type of gearbox oil specified by the manufacturer.
  • Do not change expired transmission fluid.
  • Choose a reputable maintenance facility with experienced technicians.

FAQ – Frequently asked questions about car gearboxes

1. What are the signs that your car's gearbox needs maintenance?

Some Signs that your car's gearbox needs maintenance Common include: strange noises when shifting or operating, vehicle jerking, difficulty shifting gears, vehicle slipping, transmission fluid leak, transmission fault light on dashboard.

2. Should I repair my car's gearbox at home?

Car gearbox is a complex part, requiring specialized knowledge and specialized tools to repair. Repairing it yourself at home can cause more serious damage. It is best to take your car to a reputable garage to be inspected and repaired by experienced technicians.

3. Does the automatic transmission need to be in neutral when stopping at a red light?

For newer cars, shifting to neutral at a red light is unnecessary and can even damage the transmission. Modern control systems have been optimized to automatically disengage the transmission when the car comes to a complete stop.

4. How to drive a manual transmission to save fuel?

You should shift gears early at low rpm (about 2.000 - 2.500 rpm), press the accelerator gently and evenly, maintain a stable speed, and limit sudden braking and acceleration.

5. Which gearbox is suitable for new drivers?

Automatic transmission is the most suitable choice for new drivers because it is easy to use and does not require complicated skills like manual transmission.

6. What is the average lifespan of a car transmission?

The lifespan of a transmission depends on many factors such as the type of transmission, driving habits, operating conditions and maintenance schedule. On average, a car transmission can operate well for about 150.000 - 200.000 km if properly maintained.

7. Which address has professional car gearbox repair and maintenance in HCM?

Thanh Phong Auto provides professional and comprehensive auto transmission repair and maintenance services, helping to keep the "heart" of your car healthy.

With a team of experienced technicians, with in-depth knowledge of all types of gearboxes (manual, automatic, CVT, dual-clutch), Thanh Phong Auto is confident in handling all problems from simple to complex:

  • Periodic maintenance: Replace gear oil, clean the oil filter, check the oil level, check details such as seals, oil pipes, etc. to help the gearbox operate smoothly and prolong its life.
  • Damage repair: Fix problems such as jerking, difficult shifting, slipping, strange noises, oil leaks, etc. We accurately diagnose the cause and provide optimal, cost-saving repair solutions.
  • Gearbox overhaul: In cases of severe damage, Thanh Phong Auto will overhaul the gearbox, replace damaged components with genuine spare parts, ensuring quality and durability.

Quality commitment:

  • Accurate diagnosis: Using modern diagnostic equipment, quickly and accurately detects any gearbox problems.
  • Thorough repair: A team of highly skilled, well-trained technicians ensures thorough repair of all damage.
  • Genuine components: Committed to using genuine spare parts, ensuring quality and durability for the gearbox.
  • Transparent pricing: Detailed quote before repair, no additional costs.
  • Long-term warranty: Reputable warranty policy, bringing peace of mind to customers.

Benefits of choosing gearbox repair and maintenance services at Thanh Phong Auto:

  • Save time and costs.
  • Extends gearbox life.
  • Improve operating efficiency.
  • Absolute peace of mind.

Don't let gearbox problems interrupt your journey! Contact Thanh Phong Auto now for advice and experience the most professional gearbox repair and maintenance service!

5/5 - (1 votes)

LEAVE COMMENT

Your email will not be displayed publicly. Required fields are marked *



Cars Care Service Price Sheet At Thanh Phong Auto HCMC VietNam:

* The cars that we have mechanics: Mercedes, BMW, Audi, Lexus, Toyota, Honda, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Kia, Daewoo, Hyundai,Ford, Nissan, Volkswagen, Porsche, Chevrolet, Rand Rover, Innova, Fortuner, Vios, Fiat, Bugatti, Ferrari, Bentley, Hummer , Chrysler, Dodge, Renault, Cadillac, Volvo, Subaru, Daihatsu, Ssangyong, Roll-Royce, Peugeot, Smart Fortwo, Tobe M'car, Luxgen, Zotye, Haima, Geely, Baic, Hongqi, Cmc, Mini Cooper, Buick, Opel, Acura, Aston Martin, Vinfast, TQ Wuling, BYD.

 

To keep your vehicle running properly at all times, we offer a number of services that are carried out by our certified, expert auto service and repair technicians who have years of experience performing everything from oil changes to a complete engine overhaul.